Apple has just published the release version of macOS Mojave on the Mac App Store. But over the first few days of release, users are likely going to face various issues while trying to update macOS through the MAS. Install macOS Catalina on Mac Direct Download.

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An intrepid reader asked the following question:
How do you install a .dmg package from the command line?

Many applications are distributed as disk images, a compressed binary format. If you double click a disk image in the Finder, it is mounted automatically. Once mounted, installation of the application is typically done by dragging an icon to the Applications folder. The same can be accomplished from the command line using two commands, hdiutil and cp.

The following steps show the installation of a popular VNC client for OS X called 'Chicken of the VNC'. It can be used as a remote desktop client for Linux, Mac, or Windows hosts.

The download file is named 'cotvnc-20b4.dmg'. Here are the steps needed to install it remotely from the command line.
note: this technique can be used from a local Terminal window or a remote SSH connection.

Mount the disk image

The first step is to mount (or attach) the disk image. From the command line, use:
hdiutil mount cotvnc-20b4.dmg
I received the following output:

A mounted disk image appears on the Desktop, in the Finder, and more importantly shows up as a directory in /Volumes. In this case, the last line of output from hdiutil showed exactly where the disk image was mounted.

Sometimes when a disk image is mounted, it will prompt you to agree to a license first. In that case, the text that would normally appear in a GUI dialog box instead appears in the Terminal window. Once you scroll to the bottom of the agreement, you can type in Y to continue or N to stop. The Firefox disk image is one example of a package that displays a license before mounting.

Install the application

Use the cp command to copy the application to /Applications:
sudo cp -R '/Volumes/Chicken of the VNC/Chicken of the VNC.app' /Applications

The -R switch means to copy recursively, in other words, copy everything from that location including all subdirectories and files below. It is important to leave off the trailing '/' from the 'Chicken of the VNC.app' directory, or the command will not copy the directory itself, just the contents. After entering your password, the application will be installed and ready to use.

Most applications can simply be copied to the /Applications directory. However, some are distributed in a .pkg format and must be installed using the installer command instead of cp. To install a .pkg, use this command:
sudo installer -package /path/to/package -target '/Volumes/Macintosh HD'

Unmount the disk image

To tidy up, return to your home directory and unmount the disk image:
cd ~
hdiutil unmount '/Volumes/Chicken of the VNC/'

You should see this message after the unmount:
'/Volumes/Chicken of the VNC/' unmounted successfully.

Installing applications from a .dmg package at the command line is not something you need to do every day. But it is a nice tool to have if you want to install an application on a remote server or script the installation of a package to a group of desktop Macs.

Installation

1. Download Visual Studio Code for macOS.
2. Open the browser's download list and locate the downloaded archive.
3. Select the 'magnifying glass' icon to open the archive in Finder.
4. Drag Visual Studio Code.app to the Applications folder, making it available in the macOS Launchpad.
5. Add VS Code to your Dock by right-clicking on the icon to bring up the context menu and choosing Options, Keep in Dock.

Launching from the command line

You can also run VS Code from the terminal by typing 'code' after adding it to the path:

• Launch VS Code.
• Open the Command Palette (⇧⌘P (Windows, Linux Ctrl+Shift+P)) and type 'shell command' to find the Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH command.

• Restart the terminal for the new $PATH value to take effect. You'll be able to type 'code .' in any folder to start editing files in that folder.

Note: If you still have the old code alias in your .bash_profile (or equivalent) from an early VS Code version, remove it and replace it by executing the Shell Command: Install 'code' command in PATH command.

Alternative manual instructions

Instead of running the command above, you can manually add VS Code to your path, to do so run the following commands:

Start a new terminal to pick up your .bash_profile changes.

Note: The leading slash is required to prevent $PATH from expanding during the concatenation. Remove the leading slash if you want to run the export command directly in a terminal.

Note: Since zsh became the default shell in macOS Catalina, run the following commands to add VS Code to your path:

Touch Bar support

Out of the box VS Code adds actions to navigate in editor history as well as the full Debug tool bar to control the debugger on your Touch Bar:

Mojave privacy protections

After upgrading to macOS Mojave version, you may see dialogs saying 'Visual Studio Code would like to access your {calendar/contacts/photos}.' This is due to the new privacy protections in Mojave and is not specific to VS Code. The same dialogs may be displayed when running other applications as well. The dialog is shown once for each type of personal data and it is fine to choose Don't Allow since VS Code does not need access to those folders. You can read a more detailed explanation in this blog post.

Updates

VS Code ships monthly releases and supports auto-update when a new release is available. If you're prompted by VS Code, accept the newest update and it will get installed (you won't need to do anything else to get the latest bits).

Note: You can disable auto-update if you prefer to update VS Code on your own schedule.

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Preferences menu

You can configure VS Code through settings, color themes, and custom keybindings and you will often see mention of the File > Preferences menu group. On a macOS, the Preferences menu group is under Code, not File.

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Next steps

Once you have installed VS Code, these topics will help you learn more about VS Code:

• Additional Components - Learn how to install Git, Node.js, TypeScript, and tools like Yeoman.
• User Interface - A quick orientation around VS Code.
• User/Workspace Settings - Learn how to configure VS Code to your preferences settings.

Common questions

Why do I see 'Visual Studio Code would like access to your calendar.'

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If you are running macOS Mojave version, you may see dialogs saying 'Visual Studio Code would like to access your {calendar/contacts/photos}.' This is due to the new privacy protections in Mojave discussed above. It is fine to choose Don't Allow since VS Code does not need access to those folders.

VS Code fails to update

If VS Code doesn't update once it restarts, it might be set under quarantine by macOS. Follow the steps in this issue for resolution.